Left Brain vs Right Brain: Implications of Learning Essay

A left-brain dominant person’s attributes are different than that of a right-brained person. This difference causes these two groups to have different learning styles. A left-brain dominant tends to be better at spelling and math. This is because this person can see all of the pieces. A right- brain dominant person tends be better at writing, biology, and other hands on subjects. A left-brain dominant person can understand lectures. A right-brain dominant person does better at hand on activities. It is important for him to discover and use the learning style that helps them to succeed academically. Antisocial is thought to be caused by brain dominance. The only way to overcome being antisocial is by the person going out and making themselves uncomfortable. Left Brain vs. Right Brain: Implications of Learning For a student to learn effectively, he must not only understand which learning style is the best for him, but he must understand the attributes his brain dominance plays. Left-brain dominant students are normally more successful with subjects such as math and science. A right-brain dominant student is more likely to succeed in subjects like shop, biology, and other hands-on classes. This is because brain dominance helps to determine the student’s learning style. To fully understand the left-brain dominant person, the characteristics must first be understood. By understanding all of these characteristics the left-brain dominant person can be fully understand. According to On Purpose Associates (2012) the left-brain dominant person is â€Å"logical, sequential, rational, analytical, objective, and looks at parts† (para. 2). A left-brain dominant person is logical. They tend not to come up with creative ways to fix a problem. The consequence of this is the person is limited in solutions to fix the problem. The person tends not to think outside of the box. This individual’s thoughts are organized. Their mind is like a neat office. Everything in the office is neat and organized. All the files in the office are labeled. The files being organized in the office is the sequential trait. The files are organized in a certain order. The person knows where everything is in the office. The person is rational. This person tends to understand things as they are. It makes since to them since they are logical. The left- brain dominant person is analytic. This person can separate the different pieces to analysis the subject. This dominance can be objective. They can relate objects together to understand the entire picture. Templeton (2013) found that â€Å"In writing, it is the left-brain that pays attention to mechanics such as spelling, agreement, and punctuation. But the right side pays attention to coherence and meaning that is, your right brain tells you it ‘feels right’† (para. 6). A left-brain dominant person has more trouble writing. This is because the individual has trouble capturing the meaning of what the person wants to say within his statement. The person may start his argument but may not finish it. This is due to the lack of being able to capture what is intended because of meaning. Templeton (2013) indicates that a left-brain dominant person is more likely to be a better speller. Math problems will be easier for this person. The left-brain dominant person can do a math problem in order understanding how to get to the answer. Science classes are generally easier, because the person can work out the experiment piece by piece (para. 3, 5, & 6). This helps him to make it to the end state easier. The right-brain dominant person according to On Purpose Associates (2012) is â€Å"random, intuitive, holistic, synthesizing, subjective, looks at wholes† (para. 2). A right-brain dominant person is random. There is no plan or objective. The person goes randomly from one task to another. The person does not keep an organized schedule. A right-brain dominant person is creative. This person can look outside of the box for solutions for a problem. A left-brain dominant person is less likely to do this. This person does not break things down to analysis the different parts. The person only sees the big picture. The right-brain dominant person lets others push him around. He sees things as they are and does not challenge them. A right-brain dominant person sees everything as a whole. The person only sees the endpoint. He may not understand anything in-between. Templeton (2013) suggests that a right-brain person is less likely to be able to learn effectively from a lecture (para. 2). Most lectures do not come to the conclusion until the very end. The reason is because one of the traits of a right-brain dominant person is seeing everything as a whole. A lecture can be difficult for him to comprehend. The student starts with the answer working backwards. Templeton (2013) suggests that right-brain dominant students will succeed in classes that are hands-on (para. 5). Classes such as biology, carpentry, mechanics, and shop are all examples of classes where right-brain dominant students will learn effectively. Right- brain dominant students will also be successful in writing papers. This clearly shows that the student’s brain dominance is a factor when a learning style is concerned. â€Å"Each student processes and absorbs new information in a different way. Identifying learning styles and teaching those learning styles can increase academic achievement and improve attitudes towards learning† (Green, 1999, p. 684). Each student needs to determine what his best leaning style is. The learning style determines how well and how fast they can retain the information. Adjustments can be made to improve the student’s learning ability. Bransford, Brown, and Cocking (1999) suggests that different methods can be used in subjects such as math for the student to better understand the subject (p. 169). In math models can be used to explain the equation and the steps to get the answer. For lectures teachers can provide background information prior to the presentation. This will help some students work backwards to be able to see the conclusion. Left-brain dominant students practicing writing, will experience an increase in their writing ability. Pfabigan, Alexopoulos, and Sailer (n. d. ) suggest that it is possible that a person’s dominant side of the brain can cause them to be antisocial, but is not likely. The results from the study are too close for the right and left hemisphere of the brain, to determine that antisocialism is from brain dominance (para. 12). It’s more likely that antisocialism is genetic, not from brain dominance. Being antisocial can be compared to a fear. The only way of overcoming a fear is be doing it. For someone that is antisocial the best thing to do is go out and overcome it. That person should talk to the stranger in line at the grocery store. When on vacation the person should talk to strangers. The person should put themself out there. In conclusion left and right-brain dominance can affect the way someone learns. Someone who is left-brain dominant is more logical. Their thoughts and brain process is neat and organized. The left-brain dominant person is more likely to have problems writing. This can be overcome like any weakness. The right-brain dominant person is creative. He can look outside of the situation to solve the problem. He is not driven primarily by logic. The right- brain dominant person may have problems following lectures. The lecture may lose the student’s interest. He is a hands- on learner. He needs to be part of a demonstration, or do things with his hands to fully understand concepts. A class such as biology that is mostly hands on activities is a better class for someone who is right-brain dominant. The best way to learn is for the student to know his learning style and use it. Antisocial individuals is more and likely genetic. The student can overcome this challenge. The student will have to work at it, but like anything else this can change. References Bransford, J. ; Brown, L. ; & Cocking R. (1999). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, D. C. : National Academic Press. Retrieved from http://site. ebrary. com/lib/apus/docDetail. action? docID=10038789 Green, F. (1999). Brain and learning research: Implications for meeting the needs of diverse learners. Education, 119(4), 682-687. Doi: 196424120 On Purpose Associates. (2012). Right Brain vs. Left Brain. Funderstanding. com Retrieved June 8, 2013, from http://www. funderstanding. com/brain/right-brain-vs-left-brain/

How the Bursting of the U.S. Housing Bubble Triggered

The banking and financial market meltdown of 2007-2009 resulted in the downfall of large financial institutions, bailouts for banks by national governments, and global declines in stock markets. A suffering housing market also contributed to the economic recession. While there were many factors that triggered the global market meltdown, this paper will focus on the factors that created the U. S. housing bubble and how the bursting of the U. S. housing bubble sparked the recession. Home ownership is part of the â€Å"American Dream,† but because homes can be expensive, most people need to borrow money to buy them.In the early 2000s, mortgage rates were low, which allowed people to borrow more money with lower monthly payments. According to Katalina M. Bianco, author of â€Å"The Subprime Lending Crisis: Causes and Effects of the Mortgage Meltdown† the U. S. ownership rate increased from 64% in 1994 to 69. 2% in 2004; this demand helped fuel the rise of housing prices (Bi anco, 2008). Because home prices were increasing, many homeowners decided to refinance and take second mortgages to cash out of their homes’ equity.According to Merrill Goozner of The Fiscal Times, a simple explanation for what caused the Great Recession is people had too much debt; during the housing bubble, too many homeowners used their inflated home equity like â€Å"piggybanks† to support their spending (Goozner, 2012). Banks also contributed to the creation of the U. S housing bubble by offering easy access to money. Many borrowers got into high risk mortgages and numerous people with bad credit could qualify as subprime borrowers.According to Bianco, subprime borrowing was a key factor in the increase in home ownership rates during the housing bubble (Bianco, 2008). Some experts suggest mortgage standards relaxed during this period because each link in the â€Å"mortgage chain† believed it was passing on the risk to someone else (Bianco, 2008). Most banks do not keep mortgages on their books; instead, they sell these loans to investors. Before the crisis, many people, businesses, and governments chose to invest in mortgage linked investments because of the low interest rates.After the dot-com bubble crash in 2000, the Federal Reserve Board cut short-term interest rates from about 6. 5% to 1% (Bianco, 2008). Since banks and mortgage brokers could sell loans before they went bad, loan quality deteriorated. Mortgage denial rates reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act dropped from 29% in 1998 to 14% in 2002 and 2003 (Bianco, 2008). When home prices stopped increasing and interest rates rose, monthly payments increased due to adjustable rate mortgages. This marked the end of the housing bubble.Many borrowers could no longer afford their mortgages, and defaulted on their loans. The U. S. foreclosure epidemic eroded the financial strength of banking institutions. Losses on other types of loans started to increase as the crisis ext ended beyond the housing market. Banks and investors began losing money, and to decrease their exposure risk, reduced lending to each other. As a result of the slowing lending, hundreds of banks and high-profile institutions failed. Just as a number of factors caused the mortgage crisis, a number of different factors caused the global recession.The bursting of the U. S. housing bubble was not the only cause of the banking and financial meltdown of 2007-2009, but it was the immediate trigger of the economic crisis. Word Count 550 ? Works Cited Bianco, K. M. (2008, April 8). business. cch. com. Retrieved from http://business. cch. com/bankingfinance/focus/news/Subprime_WP_rev. pdf Goozner, M. (2012, March 16). Real recovery: America’s debt is on the decline. The Fiscal Times. Retrieved from http://www. thefiscaltimes. com/Articles/2012/03/16/Real-Recovery-Americas-Debt-is-on-the-Decline. aspx

Disney Princess

Maegan Cherry Dr. Walker Composition I 15 November 2012 The Princess and the Frog Princess Diana once said, â€Å"Being a princess is not all it is cracked up to be. † This is a true statement in some insistences such as Disney’s 2009 film The Princess and the Frog. The film is based in the 1920’s in New Orleans, Louisiana. The 1920’s was a time period of segregation, and it was not uncommon to see a black person working in a white family’s home. Southern states were more segregated than others, so the film being in Louisiana plays a very important role.Most black people were not as wealthy as white people; therefore they did not have the luxuries of the families they worked for. They tended to live in small houses, and they had to take the train or walk for transportation. Tiana’s family was no different than any other 1920’s African American family. Tiana’s mother, Eudora, worked as a seamstress and a caretaker for â€Å"Big Daddy’s† daughter, Lottie. â€Å"Big Daddy† is a wealthy white man who spoils his daughter, and gives her everything she wants. Eudora took Tiana with her to work where she became friends with Lottie.Lottie grew up with fairy tales, and wanted her life to be nothing short of one. Tiana, on the other hand, did not believe in fairy tales. She believed hard work would get you where you need to be. Tiana had a dream of owning her own restaurant, but she faces many challenges that keep her from achieving her dream. Many people believe that Disney has focused too much on race and the time period, rather than making Tiana a princess. Moon Charania and Wendy Simonds wrote an article titled â€Å"The Princess and the Frog† explaining the different stereotypes presented in the film.Ajay Gehlawat also wrote an article titled â€Å"The Strange Case of The Princess and the Frog: Passing and the Elision of Race† explaining the stereotyping of the races in the fil m. I think Disney did a great job of relating the time period to the characters. The film may have been stereotypical, but it was relevant to the setting. To make the film less controversial I think Disney could have made Tiana a princess in a different time period, so there would not be any stereotyping of the characters. The biggest stereotyping was between the white family and the black family.Being Caucasian in the 1920’s meant you lived a very fortunate life, and you did not experience the hardships that other races may have faced. In The Princess and the Frog, â€Å"Big Daddy† was a typical wealthy Southern man, who gave his daughter, Lottie, anything she wanted. Lottie was portrayed in the film as a spoiled girl. She wanted to marry her prince charming, and live happily ever after. Just like in the fairy tales she grew up with. Charania and Simonds stated, â€Å"Lottie, on the other hand, is a caricature of conventional Disney princesses† (page 70).I agre e that Lottie is portrayed as a typical princess, and I can see how people would think Disney is stereotyping. Since Lottie fits the normal Disney princess characteristics it seems like Disney is making her more of the princess than they are making Tiana. Gehlawat shows more of how Lottie is stereotyped in the white family. Gehlawat stated, â€Å"When Lottie, Tiana’s childhood friend, asks her to prepare a couple hundred of her famous beignes†¦. and drops a wad of bills in her hand† (422). This statement shows that Lottie’s family had lots of money, like a stereotypical white family did in that time period.I agree that Disney does portray the white family in a stereotypically way, but I also think that it was appropriate to fit the time period. Just like the white race the black race also had characteristics that can be put into a stereotypical way. Tiana’s family was very poor and her mother, Eudora, worked as a seamstress for â€Å"Big Daddy†. Tiana and her father had a dream of owning their own restaurant. After, her father died Tiana worked as a waitress to make the dream a reality. By Eudora working for a rich white family it brings back the idea of slaves, which is another way of stereotyping the African American race.Tiana had to work very hard for everything she wanted in life; it was never handed to her on a silver platter, like it was for Lottie. Tiana lived in a much smaller house than Lottie, and they were very close to their neighbors. By Disney making Tiana a frog for most of the movie, some people have argued that it is degrading to the black race. Gehlawat stated, â€Å"What becomes lauded in the process is the representation of a black girl as an animal, or the conflation of blackness with bestiality† (418). I disagree with Gehlawat’s statement. I think that Tiana being a frog was taken out of context. Her being a frog as just a fun aspect to the movie, and was not intended to be a racial a ttack on the African Americans. Another way the film stereotyped the black race, was by the real estate brokers telling her that since she is black she should not have such big dreams. Charania and Simonds stated, â€Å"When, Tiana, as a young adult dreaming of opening her own restaurant, is told by the real estate brokers of her dream property that â€Å"a women of her background† should not strive so high† (70). I think that this is a stereotyping comment that is made in the movie, but I do not think this comment was made in direct to blacks in today’s society.I feel that any stereotyping made was fitting to the time period the film was set in. In today’s society being stereotyped in some way is a common thing that people need to learn to live with. The 1920’s was a sad part of history, but it did happen. It is not a bad thing to remind people about what things were like in history. Disney made an effort to show how far America has come since the 1920’s, by making an African American princess. They could have just made Tiana a princess, like the past Disney princesses, and that might have made the film a little less of a controversial issue.Everything and everyone will be stereotyped at some point in life. It is how the people respond to it that will make the difference on the future generations. Works Cited Charania, Moon and Wendy Simonds. â€Å"The Princess and the Frog. † American Sociological Assosiation. 2010. Vol. 9. No 3. 69-71. Print. Gehlawat, Ajay. â€Å"The Strange Case of The Princess and the Frog: Passing and the Elision of Race. † Journal of African American Studies 14. 4 (2010): 417-431. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. The Princess and the Frog. Dirs. Ron Clements and John Musker. 2009. Walt Disney Video. 2010. DVD.

Leadership & Communication Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership & Communication Skills - Assignment Example out this problem, I tried to mediate while at the same time maintaining control, and keeping the lines of communication open rather than closing them simply in reaction. This strategy worked for me, as I was able to reach a compromise after meeting with three of group and separately designing a more formal training and recruitment procedure together. My leadership style is based on patterns of effective decision making and teamwork, as well as principles of communication which value both upward and downward communication within an organization. I think that leadership is an especially important issue for professionals to consider, because in many cases they are perceived as being the effective district leaders, and must present strong leadership skills and a sense of direction in order to optimize employee performance. Too often, different departments of organizations tend to dissolve along lines of ineffective communication in group meetings in which the leader becomes less of a lea der and more of a scapegoat or outmoded mouthpiece of the status quo, and in situations such as these, political infighting and departmental disagreement over issues of funding and allocation make take priority over what should be the clear mission and shared vision of all involved; that is, determining what is best for the customer (or, in my case, the student body) in terms of loyalty and behavior, and implementing programs which bring about success in the organization. The problem that I was facing was that four of the people under my leadership were trying to undermine my authority and add their own charter to the group, which would give them an unfair position. I reached a compromise with the group, as mentioned, convincing three of them instead to overhaul radically the membership training procedures for the group. The fourth member was then left alone in opposition to my leadership. It was unfortunate that this member had to be left alone, but I had to make a decision. A

E-Procurement and Supply Chain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-Procurement and Supply Chain - Assignment Example Manufacturing Source Preparing (MRP) as part of SCM can help plan and figure out the needs and timeframes for new development procedures to be able to estimate item distribution daily activities, and reply to changes in the marketplace or item. It is an application based development planning and inventory control system used to handle manufacturing procedures (Blanchard 2010). Before the internet came along, the ambitions of supply chain application enthusiasts were restricted to enhancing their capability to estimate demand from customers and create their own supply chain run more easily. But the cheap, popular characteristics of the internet, along with its simple, globally approved interaction requirements, have tossed things open up (Blanchard 2010). Now, organizations can link their supply chain with the supply chain of their providers and clients together in a single wide system that improves expenses and possibilities for everyone engaged. This was the reason for the B2B explosion; the idea that everyone a company does business with could be linked together into one big satisfied, supportive family (Simchi-Levi 2007). Of course, truth isn't quite that satisfied and supportive. But these days most organizations discuss at least some data with their supply chain associates.... Suppliers wouldn't have to think how many raw components to purchase, and producers wouldn't have to purchase more than they need from providers to create sure they have enough on side if need for their products suddenly improves. And suppliers would have less vacant racks if they distributed the details they had about income of a company's item in all their shops with the maker (Petrovic-Lazarevic et al 2007). The internet makes displaying your side to others possible, but hundreds of years of mistrust and lack of synchronization within sectors create it difficult (Jacoby 2009.). The benefit of appropriate and precise supply chain details is the capability to create or deliver only as much of an item as there is an industry for. This is the exercise known as just-in-time manufacturing, and it allows organizations to decrease the amount of inventory that they keep. This can cut expenses considerably, since you no longer need to pay to generate and store unwanted products. But many or ganizations and their supply chain associates have a long way to go before that stage of supply chain versatility can be carried out (Jacoby 2009). The benefits from business resource planning are stated to include: lower inventory holding costs lower purchasing costs lower development costs lower bookkeeping and documentation costs lower transport costs lower investment in equipment lower investment in plant lower investment in land reduced assembly-line down-times more versatile manufacturing processes more effective lot styles and scheduling reduced mistakes due to better coordination the cost and efficiency improvements (mentioned above) could increase profitability or increase market share (at a lower price) reduced number of

Visit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Visit - Research Paper Example This year, as per Christian or Gregorian Calendar, it has fallen on 17th February. On this auspicious day, devotees observe fast and offer special prayers to Lord Shiva. Devotees chant Om Namah Shivay throughout the night of Maha Shivratri. The first word à ¥  (Om) has a special significance in the Hindu religion. It is the primordial sound of the universe. It is also the source of all sounds. It is the only word that can be spoken with an open as well as closed mouth. It is the sound that joins the outer world with the inner. When one repeats à ¥  for several times, it becomes a door to deep silence within - a step to enter into a deep meditation (Issitt and Main). I reached the temple site early in the morning as I was informed that this is a special day for Hindus as they observe fast and do puja (a religious prayer) on this day. On reaching the temple, when I contacted mahant (a priest) he informed me that I need to go through the temple and observe the rituals keenly. He also assured me that he would clear all my queries during a leisure time on some other day as it would not be possible for him to explain me everything on that day due to heavy rush of devotees. Usual timings of temple for visitors are from 9:00 AM to 12:00 Noon and then from 6:00 to 9:00 PM. On the days of special events, temple opens up as early as 7:30 AM in the morning for devotees. On February 17, it also opened up early in the morning. The Shiva-Vishnu temple at Dykes Road had its humble beginnings in 1993. The purpose of opening the temple was to impart religious, cultural and educational values of Hinduism to its followers, especially younger generations. I began taking rounds of the temple. The Hindu temple has a distinct appearance and architecture. Externally and internally, they look entirely different than any church, synagogue or mosque. Hindu temple can be recognized by its shape and vastness.

Privacy and Confidentiality of Client Health Information Research Paper - 1

Privacy and Confidentiality of Client Health Information - Research Paper Example Medical practitioners, be they nurses, doctors or health information managers are obligated both legally and ethically to safeguard a client’s health information from any undue influence or unauthorized parties as stated by Acker et al. (2007). The primary means through which boundaries are maintained, a trust created and client-caregiver relationship built is by considering the rights bestowed on the client and respecting them. This client right to privacy stipulates that they should control how their health information is collected, utilized and revealed. It is important to note that even health organizations have limited rights to client’s information more so regarding how it should be disclosed. This lays huge task on health information managers to ensure that such right is not misused. The most common case when this right is utilized is when the medical team shares health information in order to facilitate delivery of health care to the patient. A typical scenario is where a doctor explains the patient’s actual condition and the reason for certain medication to nurses attending to a particular patient (Sanbar, 2007). Such sharing cannot be deemed to be breaching the client’s right to control disclosure as nurses need to be informed so as to efficiently and effectively deliver health care. The following is the specific information that one needs to know in regards to client information, its confidentiality, access, disclosure and special considerations. Conversations form the easiest way by which client’s health information is disseminated. As such it is an easy means through which the same leaks to unauthorized parties. It is therefore paramount for anybody to be aware of their environment before initializing conversations regarding confidential information about a client. This will definitely avoid people from overhearing such information. Contrary to popular belief, withholding just the name is insufficient to uphold confidentiality (Pozgar, 2008).

Israel-Palestine Conflict over Gaza Research Paper

Israel-Palestine Conflict over Gaza - Research Paper Example The effect of this conflict has raised concerns among international stakeholders as well as other nations like the United States of America (Sterio 2010). Deterioration of Socio-economic factors Despite the efforts placed by the concerned stakeholders as well as the leaders of the affected nations, there has been little success as the conflict continuously affects various facets of the society. Apparently, various researchers and reports have shown that the most affected region is the Gaza strip where; lots of lives have been lost; properties, as well as other social amenities, have been affected (Mandell 1985). Tribal Conflicts in Palestine The occurrence of conflicts between the Palestine tribes has also created a major setback on the efforts of the international community that has been placed to facilitate peace negotiation between the two countries. Conflicts between the Sunnis and the Shiites have created divisions among the Palestine leaders hence diverting their attention from the peace negotiations towards resolving these internal conflicts (Migdalovitz 2010). Discussion Israel- Palestine Conflict Various social researchers as well as other concerned International Stakeholders have undertaken studies to find the causes of the Israeli and Palestine conflict. The most obvious factor that has emerged is that the conflicts were triggered by the struggle on who owns Gaza; however, bodies such as the media have failed to provide comprehensive information concerning the causes of conflict between the two nations. That is, there are cases where the media has portrayed Israel as an innocent nation that is making an attempt to save aggressive Palestine from causing harm to its citizens. This has raised a lot of concern from the various stakeholders, especially among the Palestine leaders. Escalation of the Israeli-Palestine war International Organizations such as the United Nations, World Health Organizations as well as other stakeholder countries has made differ ent efforts to ensure that peace and stability exist between the two nations. However, their efforts have not been successful owing to a number of reasons. The first reason emerges from the inter-ethnic group among the Palestine Tribes; these tribal conflicts have been propagated by the differences emerging the specific inter-ethnic affiliations. That is, certain groups such as the Shiites have experienced tremendous hatred from the Sunnis who have perceived them to be affiliated with Iran. On the other hand, the death of certain key Muslim leaders as a form of revenge has also been another factor. These factors have propagated the occurrences of Israeli-Palestine Conflict mainly because they have jeopardized the efforts placed by stakeholders to create peace (Cowley 2012).

Advertising strategies - Denim jeans Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising strategies - Denim jeans - Assignment Example Both market and product segmentation are beneficial to the company in various ways. In order to achieve maximum benefits, some segments in Denim can be helpful. For example, the company can break down its market using demographics where women are grouped according to their ethnicity, income, age, education, marital status and even occupation. For example, for the young people, the company can decide on coming up with fashionable jeans just for this group. The company can also decide to segment the market based on psychographics, where such things as attitudes personality, lifestyle and even hobbies are used to segment the market. Segmenting in such presented manners would not only change the grouping of the product, but advertising would also be changed according to the needs of each of the segment. This would include changes in the information contained in the adverts, but also the budget used in advertising since some segments would require much budgets than others (Farkas, 2011). The media’s aim is for effective and efficient delivery of messages intended to reach the audience. Efficiency is needed in order to deliver the message at lower costs than before meaning that it is common for advertisers to choose mediums that are cost effective in their advertising. This must be done in such a way that quite a number of people are reached using the lowest cost possible. Effectiveness, on the other hand means that influence and enhancing of the message is needed and the correct media for this is needed too. Therefore, reach and frequency must be incorporated by media planners in order to achieve the balance of effectiveness and efficiency. Reach is seen as the number of people and households that a certain media is able to reach or that are exposed to this specific media. Frequency, on the other hand, refers to the times that the discussed people or households are contacted or reached by a

Buddhist art at Asian art Museum in SF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Buddhist art at Asian art Museum in SF - Essay Example The architectural designs of the walls and lights bring anyone inside into a time of serenity and ancient civilization which Buddhism stand for. The pillars are arranged parallel to the series of time warps inside the whole journey in the museum. Each segment inside the museum depicts a historical time that attributed to the living conditions of each country under the Buddhism religion. For example one of the artifacts that peeked my interest during visit in the Asian Museum was the artifact entitled "Bodhisattva crossing over". This artifact is made from nephrite (also known as jade) which size comprise of: Height 9 in x Width 6 1/2 in x Diameter 3 in, Height 22.9 cm x Width 16.5 cm x Diameter 7.6 cm. This jade carving was made from the time of Chin Dynasty in China. For our information, Qin Dynasty is one of the most influential and greatest dynasty in China headed by Emperor Qin Hwang Ti. During this time, arts have been one of the most precious means of depicting arts to preserve and foretell the significance of this dynasty during that time. Nephrite or much known as Jade is a precious stone (a green colored stone, which is uniquely made). Jade is considered to be one of the most precious stones every used in China, especially during the ancient times. To be able to create a form in jade one needs to patiently polish in order to create depth and form. This symbolical artifact used a significant precious stone to share to the world and to people that during the Qin Dynasty, Buddhism is the most significant religion ever followed by most people in China. The image in this artifact is intricately done because each curve, shapes and depth formed the message of the piece. The top portion of the artifact is shaped form like a cave, which the depth of the piece has generally created a distinct image of a person inside a cave. The bottom of the artifact is series of layered curved like waves forming which symbolically moving towards the right side (facing the artifact). In addition to the bottom portion of the artifact, the curves as mixed with various sizes (big and small currents); that also is mixed with stoned form enveloping the waves in each side. The middle part of the artifact is slimmed down in size, which adds another form and balance into the whole piece. The middle portion contains an image of a person, who is believed to be Buddha (or known as the enlightened one). The image of Buddha in the artifact is standing on top of the big and strong currents and as he is also enveloped above by the cave forming stones. The balance in t his artifact is blended with a piece of branches with tiny leaves growing in each of its edges. Buddha's gown was curved finitely creating a gentle movement of alternating flowing of the cloth as it follows the blowing wind. Chinese arts developed every dynasty. Each century or decade, the art and literature of China embodies the depth, symphony and music that each creator and artist have appreciated and grateful for. Buddhism in this creation is highly looked up and followed by everyone. Sakaymuni Buddha or Sidharhta (as he was commonly known for) has a lot of divine teachings to which

Current event to American Politicis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current event to American Politicis - Essay Example At this current point in American history where the nation, for the first time ever, has a female speaker of the house and will probable witness Hilary Rodham Clinton as a serious contender for the 2008 Democratic Party's presidential nomination, the status of women in politics needs to be examined more closely. Engaging in precisely such an examination, Robin Toner suggests that, insofar as public political life is concerned, femininity is both an advantage and a disadvantage; an advantage because of its appeal to a wider political base and a disadvantage because of the persistency of gender stereotypes. Within the context of political life, women are advantaged by their gender. As Toner (2007) asserts, many female politicians promote a tough image even as they project a maternal one. The implication here is that they are capable of being as strong and as tough on the issues as are the male politicians but, have a better understanding of familial and societal values. Accordingly, they have it within them to both protect the country and look towards the future of its children.

Human Behavior & society Essay Example for Free

Human Behavior society Essay One good argument in favor of natural determination of human behavior is through an experiment done with lab rats. In this case, a castrated male rat (with no testosterone) is placed with a female lab rat that has been injected with testosterone. In this case, the female acts dominant while the male is submissive. This to an extent proves that natural factors e. g. hormones play an important role in human behavior. Besides this, the moodiness experienced by humans undergoing puberty, as well as pre-menstrual syndrome, in which human behavior fluctuates, shows that natural factors do play a role in determining human behavior. On the other hand, the lab rat experiment is questionable, mainly because the biology of rats is significantly different from humans, and secondly, because humans themselves consume testosterone without such drastic swings in behavior. This suggests that what is currently seen as hormone-triggered changes in human behavior could have social undercurrents. Human behavior itself is a highly complex topic. In some instances, as seen with hormones and also genetically inherited diseases, it is completely due to natural circumstances and events. In other instances, certain types of human behavior is caused by social conditioning and socialization e. g. compliance with the law and the observance of norms and values. In some unusual cases, it is determined by nature and society, working hand-in-hand, or sometimes one after the other to cause a change in such behavior. To judge this issue in terms of absolutes would be unjustified. Exactly in what way human behavior is developed depends on both society and on nature- and in many cases either society or nature is more dominant. However, it is clear that human behavior overall is shaped by a blend of both natural and social factors and issues, from genetic inheritance to socio-economic class.

Strategic Planning for Small Business

Strategic Planning for Small Business Business description is the short plan to start up any kind of business. Business description includes all basic information like name of the business, location of the business, type of the business, etc. In it we include the service or products of the business. In this fast moving century everyone is in rush for whole day to satisfy their basic needs. Mainly in the morning everybody is running late for their jobs or schools. Most of the people have no time to cook food for them. To satisfy the appetite of the people in the morning we are thinking to set up an online Packed Meal business. Selling Packed Meals in the morning will be very helpful for those who cannot cook for themselves in the morning. We are planning to deliver the food at the railway stations or bus stops. At these public places people can easily grab the meal. To start this business first of all we are going to create a website by which people can order the food online. They can book the food in advance and accordin g to their orders we can deliver the food. We are planning to provide quick breakfast to the customers at railway station or bus stop. To order the food people can visit the website book an order and can pay online. For convenience of the customer we are setting a plan that customers can book order for the whole week and after week they can pay the amount of the food. It will be helpful for the customers in the sense that they can have food in the morning and secondly they can save time. Numerous surveys have revealed that breakfast is often skipped among Kiwis (Hills, 2012; Impact PR, 2016). Similarly, others have been making poor breakfast choices like leftover party food, pizza, fish chips, ice cream, and even beer (Impact PR, 2016; NZ Herald, 2016). Despite the widespread awareness of the important benefits of breakfast, it is quite alarming to see that many people still forego the need to make time for breakfast. These attitudes and habits towards breakfast are apparently influenced by a hectic lifestyle and poor time management. However, various surveys conducted in the past confirmed that nearly half of New Zealanders acknowledge breakfast as the most important meal of the day (Hills, 2012). It is at this point that a business idea comes to mind: to provide value by satisfying a need (Hartnett, 1998, as cited by Sweeney Soutar, 2001). In this case, it is the need for a good, convenient breakfast. Through an entrepreneurial endeavour supplemented with the col lection of the right information, this idea can become a business opportunity (Massey, 2005). Although a business opportunity does not guarantee success, this business idea requires the support of a business strategy so that it gains a reasonable chance to become a successful operation (Oliver English, 2012) in the near future. The aspired future state of a business or any organisation is described in the vision (Srivastava, Franklin, Martinette, 2013; Duygulu, Ozeren, IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±ldar, Appolloni, 2016). This statement provides a starting point (Kantabutra Avery, 2010) and a sense of direction for the business, hence, it should be clear, appealing and compelling (Srivastava, Franklin, Martinette, 2013; Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). The business idea comes with an ambitious but altruistic goal, hence, the vision statement: To cater to a multi-cultural society that does not miss breakfast. This above statement satisfies a number of definitions of vision. It is easy to understand, and represents the fundamental purpose of the business (Srivastava, Franklin, Martinette, 2013, p. 50). According to Kantabutra and Avery (2010), strategists have proposed numerous characteristics a powerful vision should possess, but these can be summarised as being concise, clear, stable, challenging, inspirational, and future-oriented. This bold vision not only indicates a long-term standpoint of the business (Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014); it also offers an inspiring image of the big picture (Alter, 2001) which is a more desireable situation in the future. The mission statement is perceived to be a crucial factor in formulating business strategies that are sustainable (Duygulu, Ozeren, IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±ldar, Appolloni, 2016). It describes the organisations aim, the reasons for its existence, and what it is trying to accomplish (Duygulu, Ozeren, IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±ldar, Appolloni, 2016), all of which are extremely valuable in establishing the organisations major goals (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). This business idea will be guided by the mission statement: Enriching busy Wellingtonians through a delightful breakfast to-go. The above mission statement is expressed in a progressive structure to connote the ongoing process and continuous improvement in developing this business. It is also customer-oriented (Wellingtonians) and does not focus on the products (breakfast items) alone. This broad approach acknowledges the possibility that there will be shifts in demand in the future and the main purpose of the business may need to be served in diversified ways (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). Ultimately, the mission statement establishes what this business intends to excel at (Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014) which is the provision of an enriching and delightful breakfast. The lifestyle preference this business wants to achieve is very evident in the product it aims to serve. The proponents of this business idea are relatively young adults who also constantly miss breakfast due to the demands of both work and studies. Values reflect the underlying behaviours, attitudes and outlooks held and used by the organisation in its operations and activities (Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014). The proponents believe in the value of good health and nourishment a realisation that fundamentally produced this business idea. Innovativeness, the ability to create or adapt to, and implement new ideas into practice and new products (as cited by Lebedeva Grigoryan, 2013), is another essential value preferred by the proponents which should also be integrated into their personal lifestyle. Innovativeness will be a good basis for organisational behaviour once the business becomes operational as innovation is a key factor for survival in a dynamic environment. In the future, th e personal values of the business stakeholders should ideally be aligned with the value statement of the organisation by encouraging participation in its development (Alter, 2001). Social responsibility is integrating environmental and social concerns, apart from the financial aspects, in the strategic decisions of the organisation (Massey, 2005; Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014). The simplest ways to practice social responsibility are by reducing energy consumption (i.e., during food production) and using recyclable food containers. In friendly and creative ways, customers will be reminded to recycle plastic items and dispose of food scraps responsibly. Donating food items to a charitable organisation (i.e., The Free Store, Kaibosh) is also highly considered, and will depend on the size of orders and calculated profit margins. Due to the small size of this business, the proponents will be open to collaborations with other small enterprises in various community involvements. Core values are the inherent principles that guide an organisations actions which eventually become the distinct features of the business entity (Lencioni, 2002). This potential business start-up will possess the following core values: Deliver a healthy breakfast on time. This business idea was formed out of poor time management and a busy lifestyle, hence, time plays a major factor in its implementation. It is extremely important to ensure that the food items are available at the right place and at the right time. In line with the over-arching vision to not miss breakfast, orders must always be on the agreed time of pick-up. Additionally, this core value also highlights the importance of a healthy breakfast which means ingredients are carefully selected, ethically sourced, and hygienically prepared. Listen to serve better. As a start-up business, what the customer has to say will determine its fate. During the first few weeks of operations, suggestions and comments will be proactively collected from customers through the website or direct interaction. Comments particularly about the food taste, variety and options will be taken into account for the subsequent servings. References Alter, S. (2001). Managing the double bottom line: a business planning resource guide for social enterprises. Washington DC: Pact Publications. Duygulu, E., Ozeren, E., IÃ…Å ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±ldar, P., Appolloni, A. (2016). The sustainable strategy for small and medium sized enterprises: the relationship between mission statements and performance. Sustainability, 8(7), 698. doi:10.3390/su8070698 Hill, C. L., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management theory: an integrated approach. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Hills, M. (2012, 18 September). Busy lifestyles keep Kiwis from breakfast. Retrieved from NZ Herald: http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6objectid=10834771 Hubbard, G., Beamish, P. (2011). Strategic management: thinking, analysis, action (4th ed.). New South Wales: Pearson Australia. Hubbard, G., Rice, J., Galvin, P. (2014). Strategic management: thinking, analysis, action (5th ed.). Melbourne: Pearson Australia. Impact PR. (2016, March 16). New Survey Reveals Kiwis Fast Food Breakfast Habits. Retrieved from Scoop Independent News: http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU1603/S00317/new-survey-reveals-kiwis-fast-food-breakfast-habits.htm Kantabutra, S., Avery, G. C. (2010). The power of vision: statements that resonate. Journal of Business Strategy, 31(1), 37-45. Lebedeva, N., Grigoryan, L. (2013). Implicit theories of innovativeness: cross-cultural analysis. Search (Working Paper), Moscow. Lencioni, P. M. (2002, July). Make Your Values Mean Something. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2002/07/make-your-values-mean-something Massey, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management in New Zealand. Auckland: Pearson Education New Zealand. NZ Herald. (2016, March 16). Most important meal of the day? Kiwis swapping breakfast for fast food. Retrieved from NZ Herald: http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1objectid=11606305 Oliver, L., English, J. (2012). The small business book: a New Zealand guide for the 21st century (6th ed.). Crows Nest, NSW: Leith Oliver and John English. Srivastava, M., Franklin, A., Martinette, L. (2013). Building a sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Technology Management Innovation, 8(2), 47-60. Sweeney, J. C., Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77, 203-220.

Negative Consequences Of Pollution

Negative Consequences Of Pollution Externalities are known as the third party effects evolving from the production and consumption of goods and services in which the third party does not receive any appropriate consumption. Externalities are the root to market failure if the pricing system does not consider the social costs and benefits of production and consumption. The provision of the incorrect quantity of goods and services to customers by the market mechanism sources a deficit in social welfare in an effective working market society ought to disperse property rights. If no individual is the owner of a specific good then nobody has an economic incentive to safeguard that good from being harmed. This is directed towards the tragedy of commons where, for instance no particular person owns the ocean or the fish in the ocean therefore the deficiency of the population of living fish is annihilated by the fishing industry. Resulting from the absence of clearly defined property rights, markets are unable to completely ac count for them, assigning prices of goods and services. Studying a scenario that lacks government intrusion, as no one owns the air, polluting industries do not raise their prices to recompense for correcting their pollution because they fail to undo air pollution and this will ultimately result in health difficulties among third parties and these third parties ought to then pay for the rectification of their health. According to the World Health Organizations three million people are killed around the world and this is attributed to outdoor air pollution (annually) by motor vehicles and industrial emissions and 1.6 million indoors from the usage of solid fuels. There exists a range of studies that estimate that 7-20% of all cancers are caused by air pollution (only). Waterborne diseases are accountable for 80% of infirmity and deaths in developing nations, claiming a childs life in every eight seconds. Contaminated water is the sole cause of the deaths of 2.1 million humans who fal l victim to diseases that are linked to contaminated water sources. Contaminated land is a severe problem in developed nations as industries and power stations dispose of heavy metals in the soil. One shocking feature of agriculture is its potential to poison land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and faeces from cattle and this is coupled with the fact that contamination that reaches rivers harm various life-forms. To the economist the problem that arises from externalities is not that the activity occurs, but that a surplus of it occurs. To locate the market outcome we begin by using supply and demand. The market price and quantity are represented by Pmkt and Qmkt in figure 1 below However, the market outcome is not the efficient result. The supply curve illustrates only the private costs of production, mainly the costs occurred by those firms producing the good. Costs are inflicted on innocent bystanders due to negative externalities therefore it does not symbolize all costs. Therefore we draw another curve the social cost or SC curve. This diagram signifies all costs of the product including private production costs and external costs. The efficient level of outcome occurs where the demand curve and SC curve intersect which is depicted by P* and Q*. Qmkt > Q* meaning that the market produces greater levels of amounts of this good than the efficient amount, this phenomenon is known as over production. Another notification of Pmkt < P* means that the market price is less than the efficient price. Reason being that the market outcome is so inefficient is due to the fact that the private market leads suppliers to produce some units of the good (between Q* and Qmk t) whose cost of production exceeds their value to consumers. It is believed that this is true because the units of the good between Q* and Qmkt, the demand curve (measuring value to consumers) is below the SC curve (measuring all costs). The overproduction of goods with negative externalities transpires because the price of the good that the buyer does not fully cover all of the costs of producing or consuming the good. If all costs were taken into consideration, then prices of these goods would be superior and people would utilize of them. If the costs of the negative externalities, the harm from pollution were put on the good as a tax, then people would become conscious of the full cost of producing and consuming that good and the efficient amount would be the smaller amount demanded. From the above graph we can come to the conclusion about all market allocations of commodities causing pollution externalities. ie.the output of the commodity is too large, too much pollution is pro duced, the prices of products responsible for pollution are too low, as long as the costs are external, no incentives to search for ways to yield less pollution per unit of output are introduced by the market and recycling and reuse of the polluting substances are discouraged since release into the environment is so inefficiently cheap. A property right is the restricted authority to resolve how a specific resource is used whether a resource is owned by government or individuals (Alchian, 2008). Property rights must clearly be defined, their use must be scrutinized and possession of rights enforced (Alchian, 2008). Transaction costs are the costs of defining, monitoring and enforcing these rights (Alchian, 2008). There are four different types of property rights mainly open access, common property and private property (Pearce, 1989). Open-access property does not have an owner, is non-excludable, that is no one can prohibit another individual from making use of it, and is non-rival, the use of the property by one individual will not restrict of prevent its use at the same time by another individual. Open- access property unsupervised and access to it is not restricted. The existence of open-access property arose from the fact that the ownership of the property has never been established, either because the state has legislated it, because no efficient controls are in place, or it is not considered feasible because the cost of exclusion overshadows the benefits. Open-access property can be converted by the state into private, common or state property through legislature, clearly defining rights and enforcing them. Examples of open-access resources which the state may convert include the atmosphere and ocean fisheries. State property, is owned by everyone however, access to the property and the use of it is controlled by the state, example a national park. Common property is controlled by a group of individuals, who are responsible for access to, use of and exclusion from the property. Private property grant strict control to the owner, who has control over the use, management and access of property, the owners may prevent another individual, if they want to, from using the property, and they can also restrict the simultaneous use of the property. The polluter-pays-principle and victim-pays- principle is dependant on the provision of property rights for environmental goods. The costs of pollution are to be borne out of those who instigated it stated by the polluter-pays-principle. Its goal is to determine how the costs of pollution prevention and control must be assigned: the polluter must pay. Its objective is the internalization of environmental externalities of economic activities so prices of goods and services completely depict the costs of production. Bugge (1996) acknowledged four types of ppp; economically, it promotes efficiency; legally it promotes justice; it promotes harmonization of international environmental policies; as well as it defines how to allocate costs within a state. The ownership of environmental goods rights are undefined and by default it is the polluters that are usually favoured. If no appropriate bylaws are put in place to ban polluting activities and property rights are indeterminate, polluters will implicitly have the upper hand. As these polluting activities are aggravated and societys welfare becomes more pretentious, the victims of these activities will band together to maintain their right to a protected environment. This will eventually lead to regulation being put into practice which will shift property rights towards victims until equilibrium ie. between optimal pollution and optimal pollution abatement is reached. This equilibrium is shown by the intersection between the marginal abatement cost and the marginal damage cost schedules, .Coase illustrates this result by using the example of a farmer cultivating his land and another who breeds cattle that needs that needs land to graze on. Both individuals have adjoining land which is not enclosed. There are two possible consequences depending on how property rights are allocated; case1, the law is in favour of the farmer breeding cattle. Nothing prevents the cattle from grazing on the other land. The latter will have an incentive to bargain with the farmer and try to get him to reduce the damage done to his crops by reducing the herd. Case 2; the law is in favour of the farmer with crops. The farmer with the cattle is responsible for the damage his herd causes to others crops and must pay for these damages. It is in his interest to negotiate to try and reduce his costs. The effectiveness of this bargaining process rests on assumptions regarding the economic definition of environmental property rights. Tietenberg (1992) states that the structure of the property rights is characterized as follows: universitality, all existing resources are allocated; exclusivity, all costs and benefits from the possession or use of resources are attributed to the holders of the r ights either directly or indirectly; transferability, all rights are transferable through voluntary exchange between agents; protection, property rights are protected from voluntary or expropriation. According to the coase theorem everyone has perfect information, consumers and producers are price-takers, there is a costless court system for establishing, producers maximize profits and consumers maximize utility, there are no income and wealth effects as well as no transaction costs. The initial allocation of property rights does not matter for efficiency but if any of the conditions do not hold then the initial assignments of property rights matter. When property rights are apportioned to polluters, the victims of pollution will be enthused to bargain. If the victims are in possession of the property rights then polluters will instigate negotiation. Optimal pollution and optimal abatement must be taken into consideration to determine the situation where rights are optimally allocated. Figure 2 The above diagram depicts the process. The vertical axis illustrates the level of costs involved and the horizontal axis depicts the level of reduction in pollution. MDC is the marginal external costs and the MDC illustrates the level of reduction in pollution. The equilibrium is determined at Z* where MRC intersects the MDC curve. The polluting firms will produce its maximum level of output when there is no reduction in pollution. In contrast the level of production will be the lowest when there is a complete reduction in pollution. This figure can be linked up back to the preceding cases in respect to the establishment of property rights. At Z0 the level of pollution is maximized hence there is no reduction in pollution. This implies that that both the polluter and the victims are given the rights. At the reduction in pollution is at its maximum hence the rights are given to victims. When the polluters activity influence the welfare of a sufferer an external cost is generated and the sufferer should be compensated. Ronald Coase (1960) pointed out that sufferers and polluters are incorporated in negotiating incentives of an efficient level of unfavorable impacts regarding of the assignment of rights when the transaction cost is negligible. The illustration above portrays the output level a firm will operate at (Qà Ã¢â€š ¬), where profits are maximized, however the social optimum is at Q*. When the sufferer has the property rights, the polluter does not have the right to pollute and the sufferer has the right not to be polluted. The sufferer chooses not to have any pollution at the starting point and at the origin the two parties begin to bargain. If they moved to d, the polluter would obtain Oabd in profit and the sufferer would lose Ocd. There is a chance that bargaining could occur as OABD is greater than OCD. The polluter will make a proposition of compensation to the sufferer since Oabd is greater than Ocd and less than Oabd. If this bargain happens, there is a movement to d which is known as a Pareto optimal allocation as one party is better off, (sufferer lost Ocd but gained more in compensation) and no party is worse off (polluter still has net profit). A move to the right of Q* is not plausible because pollut ers gains are less than the victims losses. Therefore the polluting firm wont compensate the sufferer to move beyond Q*. Now if the property rights are assigned to the polluter, start at Qà Ã¢â€š ¬ because its the point at which the polluter can take advantage of his right to use the environment to dispose of his waste products. It is again possible for the two parties to bargain and move from Qà Ã¢â€š ¬ back to f. Here the sufferer can compensate the polluter to give up a certain amount of economic activity or output level. The sufferer is willing to tolerate a loss fhi Qà Ã¢â€š ¬ if the move does not take place and will offer an amount less than this to get the polluter to cut back pollution. The polluter is prepared to accept an amount greater than fgQà Ã¢â€š ¬. i.e. the profits will be relinquished as long as there is a probability of bargaining between the polluter and sufferer the market will take us to the social optimum ie Q. The commons can be referred to as a society composed of the population. According to Hardin the idea that everyone born with equivalent rights to the commons in sharing resources, concurrently with overpopulation will destroy the commons, therefore tragedy of the commons. Overpopulation and pollution are the contributing factors that facilitate the commons not being sustainable. The South African population was 40.6 million in 1996 and is persistently growing at 2 percent per year. A continuation of this trend by the year 2035 will result in 82 million of the inhabitants relying on an equivalent level of natural resources which are already under strain in sufficiently meeting its demands, therefore escalating the production of pollution and waste. The burdens of overpopulation on natural resources uniting with cooperate greed leads to detrimental consequences. A case in point is one of the Toxic water rising below Johannesburg. Twenty miles North West of Johannesburg, the water from the spring runs blood red. It is toxic, highly acidic and bursting with heavy metals, so foul those animals in the Kruderdorp Game reserve downstream say no to drinking the water causing them to die of thirst therefore not one living organism is able to endure this venomous water. Millions of gallons of this toxic water lie beneath Johannesburg, a municipality with a population of nearly four million citizens. The water is rises at fifty feet a month. If this persists, in roughly two years time subterranean parking garages will be filled up with this deadly red water. Tunnels for electrical cables and underground railway stations will overflow. Unnatural crimson water pours out from the ground leading into the suburbs and eventually fleeing into the east of Johannesburg. Due to Johannesburgs gold rush, mining companies extort enormous holes under its city and s uburbs. When it rains much is soaked up in the earth and the water becomes toxic when combined with heavy metals underground. Terry McCarthy, a geology professor of the university Witwatersrand warn that existing mining operations in other parts of South Africa were on their part to destruction and it would eventually poison some of Johannesburgs main drinking water resources, causing future generations to be imposed with greater costs of the Vaal Dam and Vaal river. The tragedy of the commons relates to almost every commonly held property. Individuals and firms accept a hundred percent of the gains of easy disposal of waste into air or water but only sustain a fraction of these negative impacts of pollution. It is therefore necessary for government to control pollution, providing incentives to prevent pollution or inflicting penalties should pollution occur. Another example is that of national parks where the parks can be accessed by everyone without limits to visitation. As the number of visits multiply degradation of parks become more plausible. The finite number of parks combined with increasing visitation and population growth makes conservation efforts difficult. In order to avoid the tragedy of the commons population control is a need. Hardin proposes that laws, legislators, beuros and watchers who watch the beuros to legislate and enforce laws are the key elements of controlling the population in the commons. He also emphasize that conscience and sense of guilt are not enough to restrict the population. People can freely make choices between the options offered by the laws, but are compelled to choose the options that brings themselves under control. Reason being if they choose the unrestrained option they will have to pay more prices or run more risks of losing something valuable. For example people believe that if the accept compulsory taxes because they understand voluntary taxes would favor the conscienceless people who dont pay taxes at all. Hardin ends with establishing that education can put an end to the tragedy of the commons. There are numerous reasons as to why a coasian solution may not work; ie. transaction costs, state of competition, the free- rider problem, identifying polluters and victims and people unwilling to trade transaction cost include information and measurement costs, negotiation costs, contracting (legal costs) and monitoring and enforcing costs. The cost of setting up the contract between polluter and victim becomes excessive because of the countless polluters and sufferers. The many questions become controversial including who is suffering, whose polluting and by how much? How much will resolve the bribe or payment and will defer among individuals. A coasian solution works well when there is perfect competition, on the contrary it is feasible to get such a solution under imperfect competition but the analysis is much more complex. Due to environmental goods being classed as public goods, the free- rider problem poses a dilemma as the provision of public goods would not be sufficient if left to the private sector. Since convincing everyone to play a part in diminishing incentives to cheating on agreements remain intricate. Predicted by the game theory models, bargaining would make vulnerable. If there are clearly defined property rights and contracts are drawn up then those rights that are allocated to may be unwillingly to trade. Some government intervention is needed in environmental conflicts by inflicting either liability or property rules. Property rules stipulate the allocation of the entitlement. Example entitlements include the right to pollute the air or on the other hand, the right to fresh, clean air. When applying the property rules the court decides on which right is paramount and places an injunction against the infringement of that right. The Coase Theorem involves establishing property rights as a means to solve the creation of externalities. This essay has been based on the negative externalities of pollution, the formation of property rights, bargaining in addition to a critique of the tragedy of the commons. It has been found that although there are no government interventions in a free market economy, courts are still required to intervene in the establishment of the property rights. Furthermore it has included a discussion on the main consequences of over pollution and ways in which government could solve this problem. It went on to give reasoning as to why the coasian solutions may be falsified which was illustrated by examples throughout the essay.

Joy Harjo (1951--) :: Artist Poet Joy Harjo Biography Essays

Joy Harjo (1951--) Joy Foster was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma on May 9th, 1951 to Wynema Baker and Allen W. Foster. She is an enrolled member of the Creek tribe, and is also of Cherokee, French, and Irish descent. Descended from a long line of tribal leaders on her father’s side, including Monahwee, leader of the Red Stick War against Andrew Jackson, she often incorporates into her poetry themes of Indian survival amidst contemporary American life. In 1970, at the age of 19, with the blessings of her parents, Foster took the last name of her maternal grandmother, Naomi Harjo. As she often credits her great aunt, Lois Harjo, with teaching her about her Indian identity, this name change may have helped her to solidify her public link with this heritage. Although primarily known as a poet, Harjo conceives of herself as a visual artist. She left Oklahoma at age 16 to attend the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico, originally studying painting. After attending a reading by poet Simon Ortiz, she changed her major to poetry. At 17, she returned to Oklahoma to give birth to her son, Phil Dayn, walking four blocks while in labor to the Indian hospital in Talequah. Her daughter, Rainy Dawn, was born four years later in Albuquerque. For years, Harjo supported herself and her children with a variety of jobs: waitress, service-station attendant, hospital janitor, nurse’s assistant, dance teacher. She then went on to earn a B.A. in English from the University of New Mexico in 1976 and an M.F.A. in poetry from the University of Iowa’s famed Iowa Writer’s Workshop in 1978. She then went on to an impressive list of teaching positions beginning with the Institute of American Indian Arts and ending with her current position with the American Indian Studies Program at the University of California at Los Angeles. Harjo is an award-winning poet many times over. She has won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers Circle of the Americas, the Oklahoma Book Award in 1995 for The Woman Who Fell from the Sky and in 2003 for How We Became Human: New and Selected Poems, the William Carlos Williams Award from the Poetry Society of America for and the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation for In Mad Love and War (1991), among other awards.

Facts Surrounding the Film Gone with the Wind :: essays research papers

Gone with the Wind: Directed by Victor Fleming Victor Fleming's production, Gone with the Wind, made an impact on the large amount of people suffering from the depression because of his talent, the storyline of the film, and the 'get away place' it served as. Victor Fleming, the director behind multiple motion pictures, was a very talented man. Before his career in the movie business, he lived an interesting lifestyle. Fleming's days before being famous are reported in multiple reference books and online documentations such as the Victor Fleming biography (written by the AEC One Stop Group Incorporated  ®). He was born in Pasadena, California, on the twenty second of January in 1889. Fleming was a racecar driver and chauffeur in his earlier days. Most people believed his career would be centered on automobiles, but they were most defiantly wrong. Later he got a job as a stunt man, the stunts were mainly car related stunts, which was easy for him because he was around mechanics a lot. This got him started on the art of filmmaking. He longed to be behind the camera just like all the other directors, and he was going to work hard to get it. He soon got jobs, a lot with Douglas Fairbanks, as a cameraman at first. Later, directing became hi s passion and all movie lovers soon knew his name. As a man in film, Fleming was terrifically dedicated and successful. His job as a stunt man was started in 1910, and by 1929 he released his major first film, the Virginian. The black and white western is about two cowboys and former friends fighting over the affection of a young woman. He later went on to create the two movies that raised him to the peek of his career, the Wizard of OZ and Gone with the Wind. Being the nice man he was, the Yahoo!  ® search engine records show he remained friends with some of the actors and actresses he worked with until his death on the sixth of January 1949. The Internet Movie Database, in a Victor Fleming biography, states that among these were Gary Cooper, Richard Huston, Vivien Leigh, Leslie Howard, and Clark Gable. Gone with the Wind is a breathtaking film that is still enjoyed today as much as it was in 1939. The film has a captivating storyline that draws people in easily, it is hard to stop watching it.

Poverty in India vs Poverty in the United States Essay

According to the general description of poverty, a person is considered poor if he or she finds it difficult to meet the minimum requirement of adequate living standards (Economy Watch). At present, inequality and poverty have been undoubtedly existent for the largest part of the world’s nations and people. Poverty has diverse characteristics, varying across time and from place to place. Unfortunately, the more global and profound causes of poverty are time and again less examined. With this concern, this paper examines and summarily compares the causes of poverty between two diverse nations, the United States and India. Poverty in India Since India’s independence, the problem of poverty in the country has remained a prevailing concern. In 2007, government estimates revealed that there were almost 220. 1 million residents in India living below the poverty line or unable to meet the basic standards of living (Economy Watch). Nearly 15 percent of the urban population and 21. 1 percent of the entire rural population of India lives in this difficult financial and physical dilemma, and this condition is aggravated by few job opportunities in the urban areas and low wages, which are usually paid in grains (Economy Watch). Several factors are to be blamed for India’s poverty problem. For instance, the Indian family unit is on average tremendously large, which further intensifies the effects of poverty. Moreover, rural populations are mostly dependent on agriculture, and have a high level of reliance on primitive techniques of agriculture, such as the monsoon season and rain patterns. Accordingly, improper irrigation facilities and inadequate rain can evidently cause no, or in a few fortunate cases, low production of crops. In addition, the caste system still prevails in India and this significantly causes poverty in the country’s rural areas. Like the movie â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire,† when the 18 old Jamal Malik was having an answering streak on the game show â€Å"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire,† those associated with the show as well as the public, questioned how some boy who grew up in the slums of Mumbai is performing extremely well than others who are wealthier and more educated than him. Apparently, people from the lower castes are normally discriminated and deprived of several opportunities, causing inequalities and ultimately growing poverty to the enormous population. Poverty in the United States In 2005, the United States Census Bureau confirmed that there are about 37 million â€Å"poor† Americans. Apparently, some of these impoverished communities in the country have been the result of deindustrialization; as various blue-collar jobs that necessitate little education but paid well have been outsourced. Moreover, low-income Americans generally believe that too many immigrants, too many single-parent families, as well as excessively few jobs, medical bills, and drug abuse are the common causes of poverty in the country. However, on a closer look on the millions of people classified as â€Å"poor† by the Bureau reveal, only few of them fit the global description of poverty. Although material destitution does occur in the country, yet it is limited in severity and scope, as most of them survive in material conditions that would be considered as well-off or comfortable just a few generations ago. Taken as a whole, the common poor American has a microwave, a clothes washer and dryer, a stove, a refrigerator, air conditioning, and a car. Moreover, America’s poor can afford medical care, and an adequate house that is not overcrowded. Conclusion/Recommendation The term poverty is a multifaceted concept seeing that it is exceptionally complicated to draw a demarcation line between poverty and affluence. However, with a few apparent distinctions, poverty as a whole in India and the United States is principally a consequence of unemployment and low productivity. Then again, while poor Americans’ life is considered impoverished, yet it is far from the popular images of the dreadful poverty in India as conveyed in the movie â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire. † Nevertheless, in order to truly eradicate the problem of worldwide poverty, greater private and public organizations partnership along with efficient and committed bureaucratic machinery is required to take on the alarming problem. Reference Economy Watch. (n. d. ). Poverty in India. Retrieved June 8, 2009, from http://www. economywatch. com/indianeconomy/poverty-in-india. html

Quality Of Outpatient Service Design Health And Social Care Essay

In Malaysia health- wield aim, developing spatial name is considered as one of the most of bit under fetchings in the preliminary function stage. In effect, the result of the convention gives an regard to theatrical role of usefulness image. The cho scum of lumber estimate is of write in support of the foreign mission and criterions of Malaysia health-cargon gos. It is associated with a de seered a u blather upr-friendly, streamlined and efficient returns to the tenaciousanimous. accordingly the attendableness piss is disposed to drug exploiter s po baby-sitioning military rank re ally appropriate as a measuring. In these fortunes, the guides of evocation charge argon to study and be in the raw in this resultant. In add-on the installation directors are responsible in devising and offending the bod every bit in force(p) as the function meets its best dower and organisation mission. The intent of this cover is to retrospect and judgment the useableness chance upon out and Us powerfulness regularity as an assessment the superior of computer computer architecture in- habit . On top of that is to understand the useable manner to mensurate health-care profits. This paper ordain be concent order on triad useableness central f proceedingors capacity, effectivity and users satisf accomplishment. This overview will assist investigate organizeers in their here(predicate)in by and by work to look into the apprisalships amongst the spatial design and us superpower constructs . This is done by taking into considerations the user beget and pass judgment value of the outpatient spacial design in Malaysia human organisms hospital. 10pt unbounded Keywords outpatient spacial design judge, type in-use, useableness construct. 10pt dateless 10pt unbounded 10pt boundless approach Arial 10pt BOLD 10pt limitless 10pt infinite The worldwide plaque for Standardization ( ISO ) defines u sability is a merchandise as the extent to which the merchandises preempt be utilize by undertake users to accomplish specified ends in the special(prenominal) context of utilisation with the peculiar environs . ISO to a fault principaled out that servingableness is metric base on the three sanctioned parametric quantities effectivity, capability and atonement ( Blakstad, 2008 horse parsley, 2008 Fenker, 2008 ) . Hence usability rating is all rough users sleep with and feed blanket to the design and milieu. It is excessively associated between human beings ar respire and its influence on race s apprehensions of a design or installations in-use and the dimension of context-of-use ( Chamorro-Koc,2009 Carr, 2010 ) . 10pt infinite The serviceableness surveies started in the twelvemonth 1950s and emerging from consort subjects back scopes and Fieldss and is widely known in relation to applications within merchandise design, data applied science and Huma n Computer inter treat ( Blakstad, 2008 Fenker,2008 ) .Hence it is cogitate to to user friendliness and useableity of the dodging or design meets user gather ups ( Jenso, 2006 ) . In a construct- milieu, it started by the Facilities Management field with the construct of duty of the Facility Manager to endure through the demand of stakeh ancienters by cognizing the action and feedback from users view to edifice in -use. It s was introduced by International Council for Research and intent in Building and Construction ( CIB ) confinement Group 51 Usability of edifices 2005 , Workshop W111 serviceability of work statuss 2-2008 and serviceability of workplace 3- 2010 has been established to use constructs of serviceability and to supply a cleanse apprehension of the user stir love.Why serviceability Arial 10pt BOLD 10pt infinite The headway central loony toons of Facilities Management ( FM ) has for a long clip been connect to constitute decreases, but in recent old ages, thither is a alteration towards the demand for FM to make added value. It more than than central points on the result of the outgrowths in FM and the effects that FM ordure make to better productiveness and functionality of the organisation and benefits for the stakeholders. Consequently, it associate to advancement of environing, state and spacial relationships, social, functional aspect, environment and economic ( Jensen, 2010 Low Sui Pheng 1996, Diez 2009 ) . at that placefore, to make a type frame or design and satisfied stakeholders confused the duties of the FM as the judge before and afterward the edifice occupied and during the shrewd procedure. From the organic fertiliser social complex body part of literature, there are assorted standards of appraisal involve in a built-environment, particularly related to to health care sectors, including health care design ratingEvidence ground design The rating of how design invasion to patie nt results ( Cama 2009 Becker 2007 2008, )Post tenancy rating ( POE ) The trunkatic rating attached to constructing prevalent presentation and user satisfaction ( Ghazali 2010, De Jager 2008, Begum 2010 ) Kansei engineering science The rating of prime(prenominal) design by intercession a users life and emotions to better forecoming design. ( Ha excrete 2008, Ayas 2008 )Kano conjectural accounts Related to satisfaction rating and design or service public presentation ( Mustafa, 2002 )Design quality index ( DQI ) The appraisal refers to user feedback with edifice imageing and edifice in usage as a usher for future design ( Volker 2010 )Experimental Research It associates to testify the variables which influence the topic or worker by placing the results of the experiment. ( Said 2006, Surrenti 2009 )Healthcare improvement ratingTheoretical and stochastic theoretical accounts it is choice measuring rod theoretical accounts. junto of Discrete Event Simulati on ( diethylstilbesterol ) and the informations of tolerant Classification Systems ( PCSs ) The construct is based on a Staff-Patient Satisfaction tattle Model ( S-PSRM ) ( Komashie 2009 )Service quality ( SERVQUAL ) It is a measuring related to the spread between the node s degree of prognosis and how costly they rated the service by tone at human facets and response to service provided ( reactivity, dependability, empathy and confidence ) ( Medabesh 2008, Bahari 2010 )Service quality & A service useable ( SERVUSE ) Human Factors and Usability in Service wood nation Measurement ( by cognizing utilizations outlook and demands ) . Measure service quality through a study instrumental role termed SERVQUAL. ( Strawderman 2008 2006 )Service Excellence measurement quality and excellence -direct service user input and engagement in the service provision and bringing procedure ( Abusaid 2007 )Six Sigma -measurement for service quality to better the nature, criterion and a postrophize of public services as prosecuting a end near-perfection in run intoing client requirements-measurement for service quality ( Abdullah 2008 )Additionally, most of the hospital in Malaysia s assessment determines on a quality direction scheme and to ravish through the demands of ISO certification, which concentrating on analyze and accreditation of a papers procedure. This kitty be seen on Malaysia Society for Quality in Health ( MSQH ) rating, which fearfulnesss on health care installations, services and in patient gumshoe appraisal and ensures the uninterrupted quality betterment in health care. International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) , choice direction system ( QMS ) ensures that their internal procedures are able to run into their patients and applicable regulative demands in a consistent mode. All this is for bettering the quality of the service or the rating of design, installations or systems impact to the users or organisations. Besides that on top, we shadower reason this overall appraisal is attached to user satisfaction and organisation betterment. other than serviceability besides touched on user satisfaction but more profoundly to users contract by cognizing in-depth their demands and outlook, which digest on the effectivity and efficiency of quality in-use.ARCHITECTURAL USABILITYIn shoes is the machine, Hillier ( 1996, p. 129 ) clarifies that the belongings of intelligibility a federal agency the distinguish to which what we move see from the infinite that make up the system a . And further on an unintelligible system is one where well-connected infinites are non lavish(a) incorporate a . With this in head, constellations of edifice layouts have great impact on the users behaviour. ( Vrachliotis aa )Component layout plays an of import function in the design and serviceability of many technology merchandises. The layout think over is besides classified under the headers of wadding, packaging, con stellation, container dressing, palette payload or spacial agreement in the literature. The frolic involves the ar simulacrumment of constituents in an glaring(prenominal) infinite such that a dictated of nonsubjective scan be optimized maculation gathering optional spatial of public presentation restraints. The layout ends are normally formulated as nonsubjective maps. The aims may ponder the cost, quality, public presentation and service demands. Assorted restraints may be necessary to stipulate spacial relationships between constituents. The specifications of constituents, aims, restraints, and topological connexions define a layout job and an optimisation hunt algorithm takes the job preparation and identifies assuring solution by measuring design options and germinating design provinces. compendium of aims and restraints vary from job to job.Spatial suffer and way drop dead uponing research every bit profound as design knowledge are grave established as A?elds of research. It is however mostly unknown how designers ground when they try to incorporate modal value finding-friendly factors into their designs.Weismans quaternion factors, ocular unveiling, signage, architectural distinction and al-Qaida program complexness provide a comparatively general theoretical base.The function of architectural design on the perceptual devour and mental representation of infinite by worlds is investigated. The navigability and serviceability of reinforced infinite is consistently analyzed in the visible radiation of cognitive theories of spacial and navigational abilities of worlds. It is concluded that a edifice s navigability and related wayfinding issues can profit from architectural design that takes into history basic consequences of spacial knowledge research.Architectural design of infinite has multiple maps. Architecture is designed to fulfill the different representational, functional, aesthetic, and randy demands of organisations and the peo ple who live or work in these constructions. The designed spacial environment can be seen as an of import tool in accomplishing a peculiar end, e.g. , qualification a finish or happening an issue in instance of exigency. ( Steffen Wernera.. )Usability an appraisal of quality in-use 10pt infinite Serviceability is approximately user position on their convey. Those accepts are created non only by elements which the supplier or direction can command, but besides by elements that are outside of the supplier run across that effected end-users own either validatory or negative learn. From the organic structure of literature explain the assortment of experienceIt involves the cognitive mental science, act uponing, emotional reaction, and perceptual experience. However, experience influence by personal reading of a domain of affairs based on ethnic background, temper, esthesis and natural status. ( Verhoef, 2009 McGee, 2004 Pullman, 2003 Hekkert, 2006 ) .It is an event quali ty of experience. Harmonizing to Dewey ( 1963 ) it is tacit as people s recognition of unrecorded events ensuing from their fundamental interaction with merchandises and their environment of usage. ( Pullman 2003 ) .It is attaching to sensation cognition ensuing from the interaction with different elements of a context of usage. ( Gupta 1999, Fenker, 2008 ) . It considered users find alone, memorable, sustainable over clip and knowing and promotes word of oral cavity. ( Pine, 1999 ) .It s slightly the persons comparing their outlooks to the results generated by their interaction with a system, service or installations offered. It is an interrelated round of golf of trying to fulfill hopes, dreams, demands, and desires. ( Austere 2003, 2004 Hseih, 2009 Said,2007 Abdullah,2008 Alexander,2010 Alho, 2008 Garde, 2008 Hignett, 2009 ) .It s an attitude on how users feel about their experience, while they re utilizing it, how good it serves their intents and tantrums into the e xuberant context in which they are utilizing it ( Alben 1996 ) .The manner it feels in their custodies, how good they understand how it works.Therefore, it can be concluded that usability surveies as a subdivision of a cultural phenomenon from understanding user s experience. It is a portion of human behaviour activities and reaction peck or to value of terminal user satisfaction. Quality of experience is user s outlooks that benefit to stop users, which influence to societal factors, emotional, and corporal well being after deliver or reaction to be after or service. It impacted of a unmarried s health on his or her ability to take a carry throughing their demands or life ( Carr 2001 ) . Quality can be defined as the point out that is intended to be reached. In the literature, there are several nomenclatures used to swear the term quality. Which is quality is a rule of acknowledging, implementing, and entering good manners of action. Consequently, from a organic structur e of usability literature in the built-environment, most of the rating is measured the set of users experience, and it related to appraisal of quality in-use. ( as shows in circuit board 1 ) . prorogue 1 Serviceability standards and results assessment in Built environmentAuthor/ central pointServiceability standardsOutcomes -quality of experienceGranath 2008.Introducing the construct of usability-evaluate the results of designThe consequence of the artefactServiceability military posture can users complete undertakings, achieve ends with the merchandise. might user attempt does necessitate making the undertaking.Satisfaction the fulfilment of desire or a demand.Garde 2008Quality design Patient field ( DfU and DfE )Ambient experienceThe merchandises take away to be operable for changing individuals with diverse.It depends on the backgrounds and users severalize of affairs. babys dummyable-Ergonomic facets, sensible- and cognitive interactionsensation -feel at place availa bilityAesthetics- feelingEasy to learn- user friendly readiness-distance Space of privatenessJenso 2008Quality of design -patient focus-usability standards tractablenessArea flexibility structural flexibilityTechnical flexibleness useableityOperational functionalityStructural functionalityErgonomic functionalityCommunicative functionalityAdaptability- generalization flexibleness snap, operating(a)ity-Usefulness, Accessibility,Aestheticss Identity ( internal ) -Image ( external ) ,refering health, environment and safety, physical milieus, efficiency and cost in usage, and wellbeing and satisfaction among dwellersVoordt 2009Quality architecture in usage design ( hospital )range ability approachability efficiency flexibleness safety spacial druthers privateness, territoriality & A societal contact wellness and physical wellbeing andSustainability.relate primarily to the user value of the edifice ( is it sluttish to apply ) ,to psychological wellbeingto physical wellbeingt o environmental qualityembracings useful, psychological and physical facets every bit goodRasila 2010Journey experience serviceability dimensions that end-users utilize when they assess the serviceability of reinforced environmentsDimensions qualificationflexiblenessLearnabilityMemorability immobilise of mistakesHandiness glidingFunctionalityAtmosphereOcular designfundamental interaction and feedbackSatisfactionEnd productEfficiencyFlexibilityLearnabilityMemorabilityAmount/tolerance/bar of mistakesHandinessNavigationFunctionalityAtmosphereInteraction and feedbackServicescapeFeeling secureSpace Ne bothrksAlexander 2010Quality acquisitionenvironment sweetMemorableValuable.Co-learning,Co-production,Benefit to user,Connectivity,Healthy and safe,Eco footmark, opticly pleasing,meaningfulinstruction resultIncrease equity and admittance to instruction,Improve educationaleffectivity shake degrees of accomplishment & A attainment.Strawderman 2008 2006Quality and serviceability of health care clinic service SERVUSE, was created by modifying SERVQUALService qualityDependabilityTangiblesresponsivenessAssuranceEmpathy5 usability factors learn ability,efficiency,memorability, emit mistakes.Satisfaction.Usability resultExcellent clinics simple to utilize.Patients of first-class clinics will be able to evolve how to utilize the system easy.Information sing first-class clinics will be easy to find. & adenineere easy to understand.Kazanasmaz,2006 design efficiencySpatial orientation layout & A motion, sizing of infinite. Capacity of point ( bed )Functional Classification of Spaces- Primary infinites, Secondary infinites and Circulation infinites paseo distances, spaced utilised, light strength, forms of motion, services. journeys frequence of happening, types ofjourneys, and distancesBarlow 2007 Swanepoel 2010 take and Quality for future library design. up untaught public library to animate usageServiceability affect by demographic and experience, which will imp act their initial accomplishments.Functional and modern, aesthetically delighting, friendly design, enjoyable and memorable experiencesWay finding- Signage and initial orientation devices, handiness, acquaintance, landmark, user friendly, easy to utilize, Steering -future designCreates gratifying and memorable experiences.Usability rating standards and procedure of ratingPurpose of this pilot film is notice dues to the issue and to prove the order of informations aggregation and prove the serviceability rating model. Whereas those related to the chief aim of this batch are to research and detect the port activities of user experience the serviceability of health care spacial design from the patient s outlooks and feedback.The rating derived from Voordt 2005 2009, which is an appraisal on healthcare architecture- in usage, utilizing 9 dimension, ( 1 ) range ability and parking installations, ( 2 ) handiness, ( 3 ) efficiency, ( 4 ) flexibleness, ( 5 ) safety, ( 6 ) spacial ori entation, ( 7 ) privateness, territoriality and societal contact, ( 8 ) wellness and physical wellbeing and, ( 9 ) Sustainability. This rating adopted from NHS, Achieving Excellence Design military rating Toolkit ( AEDET ) its Post tenancy Evaluation ( POE ) Toolkit with the positive questionnaire ( Excel-based plan ) related to how edifice performed, provides three cardinal countries ( 1 ) functionality- usage, entree and infinite, ( 2 ) impact -character and invention, signifier and stuffs, staff and patient environment, urban and societal integrating, and ( 3 ) build quality and standard public presentation, technology and building ( AEDET development, NHS 2010 )This survey was conducted in a replace infirmary. A replacing infirmary is a late infirmary built to replace the original infirmary which had been unlikeable or turned into the province wellness section or wellness clinic. in brief there are 11 replacing infirmaries and 9 have been in military operation for this survey, and three infirmaries have been selected, in which the infirmary began runing in 2000 and above. It focuses on the northern part of peninsular Malaysia, is due to Lack of research worker survey and concentrate on this untaught and concentrate on spacial design. Two replacing infirmary been elect with a different class, territory infirmary with 11 health check subjects and 498 beds and territory infirmary with 250 beds.The 10 respondent from each infirmary been audienceed during the walkthrough procedure due to the limited arena within anteroom, parking country, outpatient country and entree to specialist clinic.The serviceability appraisal method is suited for usage in the appraisal gain the deficiency of qualitative appraisal, which in-depth focal points on patient experience and outlook. Furthermore, Usability is the measurement methods related to human factors, which is focused on understanding benefits and restrictions of the human organic structure and associated with the direction and usage of Facilities and environment. This geographic give-up the ghost pilot survey is to have intercourse the informality of usage and how the system matches with the existent state of affairss which focus onPatient experience and outlook to spacial design characteristics Flexibility of design attaches to serve waiting attend to inclusive the factors effectual and efficient standards that sacrifice to their satisfaction.chemical substance reaction and feedback of the patient journey experience through the spacial design environment and orientation start from the handiness aspect to make the service or their ends.This appraisal it has been use to happen the standards for the chief instance surveies appraisals. The methods of roll uping informations used in this survey are walkthrough observation and amorphous interviews of patients and visitants journey experience. In the early serviceability trial, study had been behavior, but the consequence finds ba rely fewer respondents want to be involved in that study. Therefore, those two methods of roll uping informations had been elect and more answering action to the interview. As we mentioned the walkthrough and interview method had been chosen in this information aggregation technique. It had done cause deficiency of dependable appraisal method that thoroughly observes and identifies the user s action from their experience the existent thing. Acknowledging the demand for a conjunct response to what had been design or been using from the direction or the medical contriver.Walkthrough observation behaviour activities by watch people use their environment and activities related to spatial-relationship and surrounding. It has done by analyses of the infinite and motions lap of the edifice measuring different qualities of maps of environment. In the same clip Interviews had used to back up worlds without upseting their activities. Interviews utile to back up behavior reaction, and we w ill cognize in-depth information around the subject and related issue. Those methods being used to cognize the evaluate utilizations, new utilizations and abuses of design, recognized demands by acquiring the recital behind a participant s experiences.Usability issues from pilotDuring the pilot, there are few cardinal inquiries of interview and observation standards related to how users experience the spacial design. It is reflecting to the chief research inquiries of the surveiesHow the serviceability of spacial design can act upon the health care spacial design in order to bring forth choice architectural in-use?Why the patients concern on their procedure of journey experience and how their outlook from the spacial design to reflect support to the manner it used by them?The specific cardinal inquiries for this chief interview areHow do you experience about this infinite? Why its of import?How your experience utilizing all the installations along your journey experience and are t hose installations easy be used?What do you believe of this infinite and are the installations needs betterment?You want to give way where and from where? How about you re experiencing and what your outlook from this experience? What are the jobs you encounter to that country?Keys of observation during visitants or patients trip into the mark country by placing any mistakesHow a respondent determine the space- utilizing signage/ map/ inquiring person.Chemical reaction to any of the serviceability issues highlighted by them.Chemical reactions of household, boors, friends who accompany patients to those above standards.The decisiveness in this little pilot survey, we identified several serviceability jobs explains the position of patients and visitants to their experience in hospital spacial design and the account of serviceability standards in table 2.Table 2 Patient experience and outlook to healthcare design and installations provided.Pilot survey 1 & A 2 Quality in-useUsabil ity issues-from interview sessionUsability standards agencies a Do nt cognize how to travel to the cafe and other sphere of influence/space and every clip to happen an country, we will inquire the security oppose or receptionist.I ca nt read, I merely can acknowledge the topographical point if the signage got image or symbol.My kid is already tired, they want to travel free rein but in the chief land floor afraid to allow them travel I ca nt see from here athe inside is excessively world-weary and that s no topographic point for childs to play or making others activities.There s non adequate sitting unit of measurement, the puting it s excessively difficult and the agreement of puting unit it s difficult for me to pass on with each others.Waiting so long but it s nil to make and I like to wait in the anteroom a.can see the people, beautify . and it s so deadening sit in a topographic point that uncle received intervention, merely watching tellyFeel non safe awalking throug h stairway a dishonor limit of light entree and the country are closed.It possible if the bannister attaches to the protect -it s easy for me to walk and rest for a minute a I m already oldHandinessLearn ability - margeMemorabilityWay finding-Signage systemSpace orientation -distance and relationshipLandmarkFunctionsWell being- EmotionPhysical ComfortBoredFriendly infiniteEntertainment- depart activitiesprivateness, territoriality and societal contact Reach abilityPhysical supportflexibleness of designdemand for disableThe differences issues from two instancesUsability standards agenciesPilot 1Sekarang hujana.daripada tempat letak kereta ke entryway takde bumbung.The lavatory is clean but the approach is really heavy for me with wheel takeanice if there were crack up potent and female spacea experience more comfortableatired waiting for my ma at that place no H2O ice chest?Aesthetic elementsDesign visual aspectAmbientSafety componentPilot 2Kawasan untuk anak2 ade tapia.tak m enarik dan tiada permainan -ruang jerakecil sangat pulak tuKawasan menunggu khat luar ni panas emmmmatiada peneduh dan pokok2 kenapa La takde pokok besar a.bolehlah kami rehata.tengoklah kerusi banyakatapi dash rosak -sakit lak tu kalu tunggu genus Lama auhhh bosannyer..nasib baik ade television akalau tunggu khat kedai kopi lagi best boleh sembang-sembangThe decision from the two instances we findded that most of the issue higligted arelated to demands of household membersa..and concern their activitive. Hence to hive off their feeling of menunggu terlalu lamaa.dan keaadaan sitting country juga memainkan peranan abudaya a.suka bersembanga..lelakia..dan terdapt spiritual and privateness a.concern ceperate aaraea between adult male and adult femalesEven though from that serviceability issues, in this pilot survey besides we can reason there are several standards impacting that serviceability and influence the respondent satisfaction, which are an outlook of effectual and efficient s tandards from the service or design. ( Table 3 explains the influences of serviceability standards ) .Table 3 The procedure of patient and visitants experiencePatient Procedure terminal users experience outpatient service and what service provided?Patient phase outpatient / to specialist clinic service work flowFirst servicePresentment the measureAppointment lookoutPhysical journey to clinicWaiting experienceAppointment & A follow upCoatingWhat Patients need to cognizeAccessibility and reach ability facet before enter? Where to travel & amp referred?How its work How easy to happen & amp familiar, how long it takes to make?When, where, how, what outlookWhen, where, how, what expectedHow to acquire at that place?What expected?What to do/How long?What can I/kids/elderly/ immature people do?direction & A actionWhat should I make adjoining? after / quest assignmentWhere to travel?What Patients need to cognizeFirst servicePresentment the measureExpectation enrolmentoutlookWaiting experiencePhysical journey to guardTarget country experiencepatient/visitors stage to inpatient country service work flowAccessibility & A reach ability facet before enter? Where to travel.How its work Familiar of the infinite, how long it takes to make the country.When, where, how, what outlookWhen, where, how, what expectedHow to acquire at that place?What expected?When will be called?What can I/kids/elderly/ immature people do? Their feeling/action counsel & A action.Spatial design/ environment and ambientWhat should I make next? After / following assignment Where to travel? 10pt infinite Discussion 10pt infinite In drumhead, we explore that serviceability principles is human factors. It is a reaction between the applications or proviso of service provided to the user, whether it is good or non.As good as the serviceability parametric measurement is defined the effectivity is, whether the design or installations provided effectual and good to consumers in full and run into t he outlook. While Efficiency is related to something that is easy accessible, do non take excessively long to be resolved and it is related to clip and distance. This issue is non often been shift compared to effectiveness standards. Satisfaction is a grade or value of satisfaction related to the both parametric quantities. But all the serviceability standards depend on the background, their physical status and their state of affairs. 10pt infinite